Nutraceutical Potential of Amaranthus Seeds: A Comparative Analysis of Nutrient and Phytochemical Constituents

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the nutritional, phytochemical, and anti-nutritional profiles of seeds from six Amaranthus species, A. viridis, A. blitum, A. hybridus, A. caudatus, and green and red variants of A. spinosus. Results revealed significant interspecific variation (P<0.05) in vitamin composition, with the red and green variants of A. spinosus exhibiting superior concentrations of vitamins A (19.22 and 18.20 mg/100g, respectively) and C (24.60 and 20.11 mg/100g, respectively), suggesting high antioxidant potential. Amaranthus hybridus stood out with the highest protein (21.08%) and calcium (1012.4 mg/100g) content, while A. viridis was notably rich in iron (877.4 mg/100g) and zinc (44.2 mg/100g), indicating a promising source of micronutrients for dietary interventions. Phytochemical screening showed A. hybridus also had the highest levels of tannins (307.0 mg/100g), phenols, and alkaloids, while anti-nutritional factors such as oxalates and phytates remained within acceptable limits. The findings underscore the potential of Amaranthus species seeds particularly A. hybridus and A. spinosus—as functional food ingredients and nutraceuticals in addressing protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies.