A Study on the Biodiversity, Relative Abundance and Artisanal Fishing Gear Dynamics in Kiri Reservoir, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study provides a baseline assessment of the Kiri Reservoir in Adamawa State, Nigeria, focusing on fish biodiversity and artisanal fishing practices, which are critical for food security in sub-Saharan Africa.  A mixed-methods approach were employed, combining quantitative fish sampling, structured surveys of 540 fishermen, processors, and traders across three sites of the reservoir  over a period of 12 months. The findings documented 1,280 fish specimens from three commercially dominant species: Clarias gariepinus (38.7%), Synodontis clarias (32.4%), and Tilapia zilli (28.9%). Gill nets were the most prevalent fishing gear, used by 78.3% of respondents, followed by cast nets and hook and line. Significant seasonal variation in catch was observed, with the rainy season contributing 62.3% of the total annual catch. A clear gender division of labor was evident, with men comprising the majority of active fishermen (82.4%) and women dominating processing (89.7%) and marketing roles. The most experienced group of fishermen were those with 6–10 years in the practice. The study highlights that the dominance of Clarias gariepinus reflects its ecological adaptability, while the heavy reliance on gill nets raises sustainability concerns due to potential impacts on breeding stocks. Seasonal catch patterns are linked to hydrological cycles that enhance fish recruitment during rainy season. It is concluded that Kiri Reservoir supports a productive but vulnerable artisanal fishery. Proper management interventions focusing on gear selectivity, seasonal breeding closures, and gender-sensitive policies need to be put in place to ensure sustainability.