Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Effect of Kigelia africana L Stem Bark and Leaves Extracts on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis.

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the phytochemical composition and antibacterial effect of Kigelia africana on Escherichia. coli, Staphylococcus. aureus and Proteus. mirabilis. The plant materials of Kigelia africana stem bark and leaves were obtained from Yankari Game reserve, Bauchi state, Nigeria. One hundred 100g of the plant powder each, was extracted with methanol and chloroform by Soxhlet extraction method. All the extracts were subjected to standard phytochemical screening for the presence or absence of various secondary metabolites. The susceptibility test of the plant extracts on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis were done using agar well diffusion method. Ciprofloxacin 10 µg was used as positive control. The phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycoside, steroids and carbohydrates. The antibacterial activity showed that, the plant extract was effective on all the bacterial isolates, it also indicated that, the activities increased as the concentration of the extract increased. The highest activity of K. africana stem bark extracted with chloroform was observed on P. mirabilis with a mean zone of 17mm.